Political shifts in Europe and the United States risk deepening divisions within the EU. Leaders should make clear that ...

Despite embracing democracy, radical-right parties pose a significant challenge to the EU’s fundamental values. European ...

Germany could shape the outcomes of the wars in Ukraine and Gaza. Its reluctance to do so reveals a leadership unwilling to ...

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed Europe into a new strategic era. But as the conflict persists, European governments ...

Sign up to receive emails from Carnegie!

The Conservative People’s Party of Estonia (EKRE) was founded in 2012 as a successor to the People’s Union of Estonia, an agrarian-populist party active from 1994 to 2012, and the Estonian Patriotic ...

The Bulgarian radical right has in recent years been firmly occupied by the nationalist, anti-Western, pro-Kremlin party Revival. The name refers to Bulgaria’s nineteenth-century revival of a national ...

Romania’s radical populist and radical-right political scene is dominated by the Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR). 1 The party was founded in 2019 out of Unionist Platform Action 2012, a ...

Until recent years, Spain was one of the few countries in the European Union (EU) that lacked a significant radical-right party. This situation contrasted with the prevailing trend in Europe, where ...

National Rally (RN), formerly known as the National Front, was founded in 1972 by members of New Order, a French neofascist group known for its violent demonstrations and recurrent clashes with the ...

The Party for Freedom (PVV) was officially founded on February 22, 2006, but its history dates back to September 2, 2004. On that day, Geert Wilders left the group of the conservative-liberal People’s ...